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The treatment of childhood cancer is one of oncology's success stories, with five-year survival rates that have shot up from 30% in the 1960s to 80% now — at least in high-income countries

But in a series of articles published today in The Lancet Oncology, experts from around the world warn that in recent years progress has stalled — both in the improvement of survival rates and the mitigation of long-term side effects — and that more than 90% of children who die from cancer are in low- and middle-income countries

What is at stake, the researchers say, is not just the need for new drugs to treat children whose cancers are now incurable: the treatments also need to be kinder

More than 40% of childhood-cancer survivors experience lifelong side effects from treatment. Anthracyclines, used to treat many types of cancer including leukaemia, can damage the heart; platinum, widely used for treating certain tumors, can cause deafness. Even the less-toxic, targeted therapies that slow the spread of cancer by stopping the growth of blood vessels in tumors can harm children by stopping other blood vessels from developing properly at crucial times during childhood

Still, the situation is far worse in poorer countries, where more children die from infectious or parasitic diseases than from cancer — leaving cancer overlooked as a result. Poorly trained doctors, inadequate diagnostic tools and lack of access to therapies — even palliative treatments — all contribute to the problem

Another serious issue highlighted in the papers is that of data collection. The incidence of childhood cancer is poorly known in much of the developing world. In Africa, reliable cancer registries cover only 1% of the population, according to one of the studies

In developing countries a diagnosis of cancer is still a death sentence for the majority of children, says Ian Magrath, president of the International Network for Cancer Treatment and Research in Brussels, Belgium, and a co-author of two of the studies. But these figures are just estimates, because the disease is extensively under-diagnosed

Many improvements could be made, the authors write, including better training of health workers in poorer countries; use of the Internet to connect local pathologists to international experts to improve diagnosis; and the creation of at least one cancer center in each country

Having reliable data on cancer incidence may increase the pressure on local policy-makers. For example, in 2006, Mexico developed a series of health-care reforms and set up 49 pediatric-cancer programs, promoting access to therapies and reducing the rates at which patients abandoned treatment courses

Closing the cancer divide is a matter of health and equality and “can greatly contribute to reducing this prominent cause of childhood death,” says Felicia Marie Knaul, director of the Harvard Global Equity Initiative in Boston, Massachusetts

This article is reproduced with permission from the magazine Nature. The article was first published on February 21, 2013

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Have you ever heard people say that they tend to be more of a right-brain or left-brain thinker? From books to television programs, you've probably heard the phrase mentioned numerous times or perhaps you've even taken an online test to determine which type best describes you

? What Is Left Brain - Right Brain Theory

According to the theory of left-brain or right-brain dominance, each side of the brain controls different types of thinking. Additionally, people are said to prefer one type of thinking over the other. For example, a person who is "left-brained" is often said to be more logical, analytical and objective, while a person who is "right-brained" is said to be more intuitive, thoughtful and subjective

In psychology, the theory is based on what is known as the lateralization of brain function. So does one side of the brain really control specific functions? Are people either left-brained or right-brained? Like many popular psychology myths, this one has a basis in fact that has been dramatically distorted and exaggerated

The right brain-left brain theory grew out of the work of Roger W. Sperry, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1981. While studying the effects of epilepsy, Sperry discovered that cutting the corpus collosum (the structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain) could reduce or eliminate seizures

However, these patients also experienced other symptoms after the communication pathway between the two sides of the brain was cut. For example, many split-brain patients found themselves unable to name objects that were processed by the right side of the brain, but were able to name objects that were processed by the left-side of the brain. Based on this information, Sperry suggested that language was controlled by the left-side of the brain

Later research has shown that the brain is not nearly as dichotomous as once thought. For example, recent research has shown that abilities in subjects such as math are actually strongest when both halves of the brain work together

The Right Brain

According to the left-brain, right-brain dominance theory, the right side of the brain is best at expressive and creative tasks. Some of the abilities that are popularly associated with the right side of the brain include 

• Recognizing faces
• Expressing emotions
• Music
• Reading emotions
• Color
• Images
• Intuition
• Creativity

The Left Brain

The left-side of the brain is considered to be adept at tasks that involve logic, language and analytical thinking. The left-brain is often described as being better at

• Language
• Logic
• Critical thinking
• Numbers
• Reasoning

The Uses of Right-Brain, Left-Brain Theory

While often over-generalized and overstated by popular psychology and self-help texts, understanding your strengths and weaknesses in certain areas can help you develop better ways to learn and study. For example, students who have a difficult time following verbal instructions (often cited as a right-brain characteristic) can benefit from writing down directions and developing better organizational skills

More Information and Resources

 

• Severed Corpus Collosum: Scientific American Frontiers
  Watch this fascinating video that demonstrates the effects of severing the corpus collosum

 

 

• The Big Similarities & Quirky Differences Between Our Left and Right Brains: Discover Magazine
  A closer look at how the left brain and right brain differ and how they work together

 

• The Left-Brain, Right-Brain Quiz: About.com-Homework Tips
  About.com's Guide to Homework Help, Grace Fleming, has created a fun quiz to help you determine your "brain type" and improve your study habits and academic skills. Take the right brain-left brain quiz to learn more. She also offers some great study advice for left-brained students and right-brained students

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You feel it when you smell your mom's cookies, or listen to that song you loved in college. As the cliche goes, it's that "warm and fuzzy feeling"--and it turns out it's a real thing. According to a new study in the journal Emotion, nostalgia really does make you feel warmer

European and Chinese researchers split 64 students into two groups and asked one group to recall memories that made them feel nostalgic. The students were then asked to guess the temperature of the experiment room. It sounds nuts, but the nostalgic students judged the room to be more than 4 degrees warmer, says Tim Wildschut, Ph.D., a psychologist at the University of Southampton in England

Why? Wildschut credits something called an "as-if" body loop. Basically, pleasant memories engage the pathways in your brain that were active when you were happy and content, and this emotional comfort extends to your physical state, he explains

But the warm and fuzzy feeling isn't the only cliche that's backed up by research. Here are five more

 You Do Learn from Your Mistakes

Before you register a conscious thought, the lower temporal region of your brain sends out a "warning signal" if you're about to repeat a past mistake, finds University of Exeter research. It takes just .1 seconds for the red flag to go up, the researchers write. Past studies have also shown your brain holds on to more information when you make incorrect predictions than correct predictions. That doesn't mean you won't make the same dumb mistake twice--but at least part of your brain is doing its job, the study suggests

 Santa Claus Is Jolly

That is, he would be if he existed in the overweight body we all know and love. A new study of more than 28,000 people published in Molecular Psychiatry found the gene FTO, which has been linked to obesity, also lowers symptoms of depression by 8 percent. While the FTO gene increases production of a protein that promotes fat mass, it also "turns off" other genes associated with depression, the study authors write. Worth repeating: It's the gene, not being overweight, that lowers depressive symptoms

 You Do Make Your Own Luck

Unlucky people are generally more anxious and rigid, which disrupts their ability to notice and capitalize on new opportunities, finds research conducted by Richard Wiseman, Ph.D., of the University of Hertfordshire. On the other hand, Wiseman found that most fortunate people actually "make" their own luck by being observant and open to change, by putting faith in their intuition, and by having a resilient, optimistic attitude that helps them convert tough breaks into new opportunities, he writes in his book The Luck Factor. (Learn the 5 Lies You Tell Her Every Day. Avoid these fibs that'll put you in the doghouse

 The Pinocchio Effect Is Real

Your nose knows when you're lying. But unlike the famous wooden boy, it doesn't grow--it heats up. Using thermography, researchers at Spain's University of Granada found the temperature of your nose (and nearby orbital muscles) rises when you fib. Here's why: the insular cortex in your brain, which regulates body temperature and is tied to self-awareness, may also have physiological connections to your schnoz, the research suggests

Love Makes You Sick

When you fall in love, your brain is flooded with a potent cocktail of neurotransmitters including dopamine, adrenaline, and oxytocin. All of these boost your mood and give you that sense of energy and elation you feel when you tumble head-over-heels for a new mate, finds research from Syracuse University. That's good. But the "high" you get from this flood of brain chemicals also makes it difficult to eat, sleep, or concentrate, and can lead to panic attacks, chest pressure, and physical sickness, shows a Rutgers University Study

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Think about this one – the biggest brand in the world has never spent a nickel to advertise itself. That brand is Google. Why? It doesn’t have to. But why and how did Google manage to become the top or if not the top, one of the top brands on the planet? Through the internet and its commonality of use and discussion among us. A huge, online community emerged that had something in common – they ‘googled’. Google has never spent any money on advertising itself. Its talked about, discussed, and in a short period of time has become a brand by doing nothing more than delivering what it suppose to deliver to us – results. No promises of this or that to listen to or read. The free ‘use’ and global access has created a brand with no advertising. Bigger than most firms over 40 years old that have spent millions every year to keep its ‘brand’ in front of all of us. Information does not need to be contained into slogans or cute commercials during the Superbowl. Its amazing to me that in less than 10 years, Google has built one of the worlds most best known brands without spending a dime on advertising on TV, newspapers, etc. Think about it…its really quite amazing

Even Yahoo advertised. Maybe they shouldn’t have

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The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) recently published its Terrible 10 and Terrific 10, lists of the best and worst aspects of America's food scene. The lists were released in advance of Food Day, a nationwide celebration of healthy, affordable, and sustainably grown food, which was coordinated by the CSPI and will take place on October 24

Did any of the foods on the list surprise you? What would you add? Tell us on Facebook

The Terrible 10 features foods and practices—ranging from McDonald’s meals to powerful lobbying groups that thwart food reform—that impair American diets and the environment. The Terrific 10, on the other hand, help bolster our health and promote safe and fairly produced food. Among them are federal food programs that fight hunger and efforts by the New York City Health Department to introduce menu labeling

Make better menu choices with help from the new Eat This, Not That

“This collection of ‘terribles’ symbolizes some of the things that Food Day is trying to change,” says Michael F. Jacobson, executive director of the CSPI in a press release. “It’s time to encourage Americans to ‘eat real,’ which means ‘out’ with the Froot Loops and ‘in’ with real fruit. It means more food from farmers’ markets—and much less food, if any, from fast-food drive-thru windows and vending machines

Search: Cheap healthy meals

Kellogg's Froot Loops landed a spot in the Terrible 10 for representing the detrimental effects of sugary cereal on American health. Loaded with synthetic dyes, these fruit-free, super saccharine rainbow-colored circles of cereal entice kids to eat but fail to provide substantial nutrients. “If you start your day with just sugar, your going to be hungry a lot sooner than if you start your day with a higher fiber cereal,” says Keri Gans, RD, and author of The Small Change Diet

The Best and Worst Cereals for Your Diet

The CSPI also nailed nutritionally void white flour for its role in the obesity epidemic. Found in breads, pastas, cakes, and other foods, this basic ingredient takes the place of more vitamin-rich grains. "White flour basically has no fiber, but when you are looking to choose a product to eat, look for one made from whole grain," Gans says

With the equivalent of 9 teaspoons of sugar in each can, Coca-Cola easily nabbed a place on the Terrible list. The CSPI credits this ubiquitous thirst quencher for contributing to expanding waistlines and chronic diseases. Studies by the Harvard School of Public Health and the American Heart Association show that soft drinks and other sugar-sweetened drinks are linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension

(Kick Your Soda Habit (and Drop a Pound a Week

Packed with calories, salt, saturated fat, added sugars, and white flour, a typical McDonald's meal of a Double Quarter Pounder with Cheese, Coke, and fries was another no-brainer for this rundown of nefarious noshes. A diet packed with high-calorie, high-fat meals like these can increase the risks of obesity, hypertension, and other diet-related disease

Alongside these bad-for-you foods the Terrible 10 spotlights political groups and food producers that harm the American food scene with unsafe or environmentally unfriendly practices—such as Jack DeCoster's egg farms, which caused the salmonella outbreaks in 2010

However, it’s not all doom and gloom on the American food-scape. CSPI pinpoints some bright spots in our diet with its Terrific 10

Good old-fashioned water provides an antidote to the Terrible 10’s Coca-Cola. Studies show that replacing sugary drinks with H2O can be a simple and effective way to reduce excess calories in our diets and reverse nationwide problems such as childhood obesity

?  Why Are Our Kids Fat

Likewise, traditional Mediterranean and Asian diets contrast with the malicious McDonald's medley. The fare is typically heavy on fruits and vegetables, but light on high-calorie, high-fat foods like meat and cheese. Following one of these meal plans is a first step to improved health

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Think you can load up on ice cream and grilled cheese for stronger bones? (Hey, it's dairy, right?) Unfortunately, that's not how it works. Consuming more milk and yogurt can strengthen your bones, but you won't get the same results from cheese and cream products, according to a new study published in the Archives of Osteoporosis

Researchers surveyed over 3,000 people about their diets and compared their dairy intake with their bone mineral density and hip fracture risk down the line. They found that eating 2.5 to 3 servings of milk or yogurt per day was associated with higher bone density. But get this: A higher intake of cream products (like cream, sour cream, ice cream, etc.) was negatively associated with bone density. "Cream has lower levels of bone-specific nutrients, it's high in fat, and for the same serving of milk it has lower calcium and vitamin D," says lead study author Shivani Sahni, Ph.D., instructor at Harvard Medical School. Basically, that pint of chocolate chunk won't increase anything in your body--except maybe your waistline

Cheese didn't seem to affect bone health on its own, but when taken together with milk and yogurt it actually had a positive association with bone density. "I would think that cheeses high in saturated fat and sodium may have negative effects, while other cheeses may be better," says Sahni. The lesson: Your bones can't thrive on cheese alone, but adding them to a diet high in milk and yogurt is still beneficial

If you're striving for stronger bones, load up on 2.5-3 servings of low-fat milk, low-fat yogurt and lower-sodium cheeses (like mozzarella, goat cheese, or Swiss). And just because ice cream, cream cheese, and sour cream are dairy products, don't assume they'll pack a huge punch of bone-strengthening nutrients

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Late-model 1-Series, 3-Series and Z4 models are affected

BMW is recalling 570,000 cars in North America for power failures and engine stalling, according to filings with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

The battery cable supplying power to the fuse box has a terminal that can wear out over time, particularly due to road vibrations, BMW said. About 504,545 models of the 2008-2012 1-Series, 2007-2011 3-Series and 2009-2011 Z4 are affected in the U.S.

An additional 33,000 BMW models are being recalled in South Africa, where a significant percentage of 3-Series models are built and exported to the U.S. The 1M and M3 models are not included

If the battery-cable terminal wears out, "variations in electrical resistance" could occur, which could cause the instrument panel to flicker or the engine to cut power. At worst, the engine could stall completely while driving, or if parked, may not start. Other systems, such as the power steering, would also be affected by the electrical failure

BMW said it received two U.S. reports of "no-start" problems during July 2010 and additional problems through 2011, when the company switched its terminal coatings from tin to silver to better handle electrical heat. BMW said it continued to fix "occasional warranty claims" for the same issue even after the fix. In Canada in May 2012, BMW said it received multiple owner complaints of the same problem, including a collision allegedly due to an engine stalling

Dealers will replace the battery-cable connector and secure it to the fuse box with a "vibration-safe method" beginning in March. Owners can contact BMW at 1-800-525-7417 or at CustomerRelations@bmwusa.com

In March 2012, BMW recalled 1.3 million cars worldwide to fix improperly mounted battery-cable covers that could cause dead engines, fires or other electrical problems. About 368,000 5- and 6-Series models were recalled in the U.S

On Friday, BMW recalled 30,265 X5 models to fix brake vacuum lines that could cause the power assist to fail

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(A friend loves at all times, and a brother is born for adversity. (Proverbs 17:17

    A lot of people go through life with only a few friends. It seems that some have less than that. They have no one on whom they can call in good times or bad. There is no one with whom to bounce ideas around, or to talk about deep and troubling subjects. They have no one to call in times of need or difficulty. They are at the mercy of life, standing alone

    Others seem to have a multitude of friends. Wherever they go, people know them, and like to be around them. Should trouble strike, their biggest hesitation might be over which friend to call. They know exactly the person with whom to discuss the topics of inquiry and debate. Life is full of entertaining and invigorating relationships because it is full of friends

    There ought to be a course in school on friendship. Of course, some people are perfectly happy to operate with fewer friends. They might rather have a few deep and loyal friends, than many superficial ones. Others thrive best when friends are everywhere and numerous. It is not so much the number of friends that is important as is the possession of friends, period

    Friendship is a blessing, and a friend is the channel through whom great emotional, spiritual, and sometimes even physical blessings flow. Friends can cheer us when we’re sorrowful or depressed. Friends can challenge us when we allow ourselves to get beyond our reasonable boundaries. Friends can motivate us when we’re ready to give in, and they can provide for us when life falls apart. They are there when all is well, and we want someone with whom to share life’s pleasant and memorable moments. We often just want them around to have a good time, to laugh, to act silly, to enjoy some mutually liked activity. In how many ways have friends enriched our lives and made us feel loved, accepted, respected and cared for? Probably, too many to list, and the list grows daily

    It is safe to say that when God created the world and all the majestic things in it, when he streaked the heavens with radiant color and the earth with grand mountains and awe-inspiring canyons, when he painted the plains with waving grasses and erected noble forests of towering trees, he outdid it all by creating friends. Why not take a moment or two and thank someone today for being a friend to you?

    May God bless you with all the friends you need, and may he turn you into a blessing by using you as a friend to others